Bảng tra Incoterms 2020 cho buyer nhôm
Tất cả 11 quy tắc trong một bảng. Chuyển giao rủi ro, chuyển giao chi phí, ai làm hải quan, khi nào bảo hiểm áp dụng. Xây riêng cho buyer B2B nhập nhôm từ Trung Quốc.
Rủi ro, chi phí & hải quan trong một bảng
| Mã | Tên | Phương thức | Chuyển rủi ro | Chuyển chi phí | Vận tải | Bảo hiểm | Hải quan xuất | Hải quan nhập |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXW | Ex Works | Any | Seller's premises | Seller's premises | Buyer | Buyer | Buyer | Buyer |
| FCA | Free Carrier | Any | Named place (carrier) | Named place | Buyer | Buyer | Seller | Buyer |
| CPT | Carriage Paid To | Any | First carrier | Named destination | Seller | Buyer | Seller | Buyer |
| CIP | Carriage & Insurance Paid | Any | First carrier | Named destination | Seller | Seller (ICC A) | Seller | Buyer |
| DAP | Delivered at Place | Any | Named destination | Named destination | Seller | Seller | Seller | Buyer |
| DPU | Delivered at Place Unloaded | Any | Unloaded at destination | Unloaded | Seller | Seller | Seller | Buyer |
| DDP | Delivered Duty Paid | Any | Named destination | Named destination (duty paid) | Seller | Seller | Seller | Seller |
| FAS | Free Alongside Ship | Sea only | Alongside vessel | Alongside vessel | Buyer | Buyer | Seller | Buyer |
| FOB | Free On Board | Sea only | On board vessel | On board vessel | Buyer | Buyer | Seller | Buyer |
| CFR | Cost and Freight | Sea only | On board vessel | Destination port | Seller | Buyer | Seller | Buyer |
| CIF | Cost, Insurance & Freight | Sea only | On board vessel | Destination port | Seller | Seller (ICC C min) | Seller | Buyer |
Ai trả gì (FOB / CIF / DAP / DDP)
Bốn Incoterms phổ biến nhất cho nhập nhôm Trung Quốc → bất cứ đâu. Dùng để so sánh báo giá ngang bằng.
● = bên bán trả · gạch ngang = bên mua trả
Câu hỏi Incoterm phổ biến cho nhôm
What's the difference between FOB and CIF for aluminum?
With FOB, the Chinese mill pays to load the container on the ship at the origin port; the buyer takes risk and cost from that moment. With CIF, the mill also pays for ocean freight and basic insurance to the destination port. Most Chinese mills quote FOB Shanghai by default — CIF quotes are often 3-5% higher.
Why do aluminum buyers prefer FOB over DDP?
With DDP, the Chinese seller takes on destination customs + duty risk — which they often price conservatively (markup) to cover unknowns. FOB lets experienced importers use their own freight forwarder, which is typically 8-15% cheaper net.
Which Incoterm should a first-time importer use?
If you have a trusted local customs broker, FOB gives you the best cost control. If you don't, DAP (Delivered at Place) is safer — the seller handles everything except import clearance, which your broker handles. Avoid DDP unless the seller is experienced in your destination country's customs regime.